Fluid-current motor



H. l. SCHARNAGEL.

FLUID CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED IuNE 26,19I8.

1,401,651, A Patented Dec. 27, 1921,

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

H. l. SCHARNAGEL.

FLUID CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED IuNi 2e. Isla.y

Patented Deu. 27, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' H /N IVE/V701? HMM/wv Z50/Amma.

III mI. m ///w//// K HERNAN J. SCHABNAGEL, or 'romrmNsvizLLn NEW vom,

ernaar Gimoscorn COMPANY, or BROOKLYN, NEW vom; A CORPORATION ci?v NEW Yoan.

4AssieiNon To FLUID-CURRENT vlllOlTOlEt.

Application filed June 26, 1918. Serial-No. 242,087.

To all whom t may concern;

Be it known that I, HERMAN J. SCHAR- NAGEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at 85 Hannah street, Tompkinsville, Staten Island, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid Current Motors, of which the following isa Athe following characteristics among others.

y It should be of simple design, of small weight and should occupy Va minimum space for obvious reasons. It should also develop the required power without presenting undue'l head resistance; which would retard the for.y

ward travel of the aeroplane; so that high angular velocity is necessary. As centrifu al force varies as' the square of the' angu ar velocity, it is obvious that the device must withstand severe stresses. lt vshould also hold a substantially constant speed in spite of the fact that the relative velocity of the wind and the load carried by the windwheel may vary over comparatively wide limits.

The principal object of the present i1iven' tion is lto provide a motor'which possesses the.- above mentioned characteristics and meets the above mentioned conditions. Further objects and 4advantages will appear las the invention 'is hereinafter developed.

p angles tothe planel on which Fig.. 2 is taken.`v

Referring lto the drawings which illustrate what l nowA consider the preferred formsA of my invention:

.Figure 1 is a rear elevation of onev form of my invention. y ,l

Fig. .2 is a Icentral horizontal section of the form illustrated in Fig. 1 showing the device-mounted on a' enerator shaft. o

Fig.V 3 is a view similar to'Fig. 2 but taken substantially on an axial -plane. at right Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dee.

F ig. 4 is a sectional 'fra entar deta'l View illustrating a 'modifcatiggilr y 1 Fig. 5 is a section taken on the line 5 5 of F ig. 4.

ig. 6 is a fragmenta front elevation of a further modification. ry

Fig. 7 1s a view Asimilar to Fig. 1 but illustrating further modiications.` v

Fig. 8 is a central horizontal section of the form illustratedin Fig. 7.

Fig. 9isv a view similar 'to Fig. 8 but taken substantially on an axialA plane at right angles to the plane on which Fig. 8 is taken.

Fig. 10 is a section on the line 10-10 ofr F 1g ig. 11 is a section on the line11-11 of Fig-. 9.

Fig. 12 is a section on the line' 12-12 of Fig. 8.

eferi'ing to Figs. 1 to 3 it will be seen that I have shown a hub 1 provided with a centraltapering opening 2 adapted to seat on the taperingend portion 3 of a shaft 5. rlhe latter may be the shaft of a generator or other device of which the casin is designated 4. A nut 6 may-be provi ed on the end of shaft 5 for holding the hub firmly and non-rotatably on its seat.

A. plurality 'of blades 7 8 are connected to. the hub 1 in such a manner as to causel the latter to rotate on its axis when said blades revolve. The blades, 8 are also lso mounted on hub l asto be capable of rotation about their own axes. Thus l have shown the web 9 of said hub providedwith enlarged por.

tions 10 in which the spindles 11 and 12.are slidably and rotatably mounted. For a rea'- son which will hereinafter appear I prefer to 4make. these spindles in the form of tubes vas shown. The blades 7,8 are shown secured to spindles'll, l2 bymeans of rivets, the spindles 11, 12 having cut away portions as, illustrated totpermit the riveting to be accomplished and to reduce the weight.- In order to prevent the blades from moving outwardly due toy centrifugal Aforce l conneet each of the blades to the hub 1 by means of a wire or rod 14. Each of therods 14 extends through 'a corresponding one '.of-

spindlesll', 12and is provided with an enT `larged' portion 15 at its outer .end which mayr i besecured to the outer end of the blade and spindles by means of through-pins 16. rlhe latter are shown as upset at opposite ends to lhold them in place. The other end of each of said rods 14 may be threaded to receive a nut 17 adapted to seat against a shoulder 18 provided on enlarged portions 10. The rods 14 besides performing the above mentioned piece 24. Normally, z'. e. when the device is not in operation, the weight 21 lies between weights 23 in engagement with the member 24. Tt will also be noted, on inspection of Fig. 3, that the last mentioned member and the weight 21 are cut away to clear the nut 6 and end of shaft 5. To secure each of the arms 20, 22, fiXedly but adjustably to its corresponding spindle 11 or 12, T provide the inner ends of each of the leg portions of said arms with a radial slit 25 and a screw 26 for drawing the parts 27, 28 together.

When the device rotates the weighted arms move away from each other due to,

centrifugal force thus rotating the blades about their own axes but in opposite directions. Tn order to increase the reliability of operation, li provide means for causing the blades to rotate equal amounts. This mcans may assume the form of gear teeth 29 provided on the inner ends of arm 20 and adapted to mesh with corresponding teeth provided on the inner ends of arm 22.

The rods or wires 14 may be employed to oppose rotation of spindles 11 and 12 and blades 7 and 8, by the weighted arms 20, 22, by xedly securing the inner ends of rods 14 to the members 10. T prefer to make the last mentioned connection adjustable as shown clearly in Fig. 2. Each of said rods is provided with an enlarged portion 31 adapted to be gripped between .oppositely located set screws 32 screwed into the corresponding one of members 10. By slacking on' on set screws 32 and turning the rods 14 at the squared end portions 33 the initial torsion placed on said rods may be regulated and held in regulated condition by again tightening said screws. My motor is designed to operate substantially as follows.

Assuming that the rods are placed in torsion and tending to hold the weighted arms 20. 22 in the position shown in Fig. 3, it will beA obvious that as the fan speeds up the arms 20,122 will move away from each other until such a speed is reached.- that the centrifugal force on said arms is balanced by the torsional forces exerted by rods 14. This speed will then be maintained substantially constant for if the speed should pick 'up above this amount the weighted arms 20,

22 would spread farther; apart, due to the increase in centrifugal force, and increase the pitch of the blades so that the torque impressed by the wind would decrease until the `predetermined constant speed was again'l reached. Tf the speed should drop below the predetermined constant amount the centrifugal force on the weighted arms would `decrease and the torsional force of rods 14 would turn the blades to decrease the pitch of the latter to cause the device to speed up.

By regulating the torsion on rods 14, as

diameters of the hub 1 and casing 4 are theVV same and equal to the largest external diameter of the hood 34 so that the head resistance is reduced to a minimum.

My invention may be modified in various ways Thus instead of adjustablyl securing the inner ends of rods 14 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the structure illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 may be adopted. Tn the latter views parts'corresponding to those in Figs. 1 and 2 have been designated by the same reference numerals with a prime added. lin this form the setI screws 32 do not directly engage the enlarged portion 31 of the rod but engage instead the reduced shank portion 37 of nut 17 The latter which is of considerable-length is internally threaded to receive screw threads provided on the portion 31 thus providing a large bearing surface against tension on the rod 14. The rod 31 may be secured against turning with respect to nut 17 by means of a pin-35 passing through both of said members and the -n-ut 17. may be rotated to adjust the torsion on the' rod 14 by means of a suitable tool inserted intoholes 36 in said nut. The screws 32', employed to hold the parts in adjusted position, are shown at right angles to each other instead of being diametrically opposed.

Attention is called to the fact that in Figs. land 2, the outer ends of the blades 7 and 8 are shown as straight and the inner ends curved to conform to the shape of 'the hood 34.' This arrangement, although desirable in some respects, is by no means indispensable as the blades may be curved atv both ends in the manner illustrated in Fig. 6. .Furthermore instead of placing the spindles 11., 12 behind the blades as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, they may be conllO nected to the blades at the frontthereof as indicated in Fig. 6.

The form of invention illustrated in Figs. 7 to 9 possesses many .features in common with the form illustrated in Figs. l to 3, similar parts being designated by the same reference numerals. The former will be found to differ from the latter in the form of blades employed, the means for securing the torsion wires 14 to the blades and'hub and in the arrangement of the governor weights.

Referring to Figs. 7, 8 and 10 it will be seen that each blade comprises a-plurality of'plates 57, 57 The plate 57 is shown secured to spmdle 11 by means of rivets 13 and the plate 5 7 is secured at its edges to the edges of plate 57 .so as to lie onl the side of the spindle opposite the last mentioned plates. The junction of plates 57, 57 may beed'ected by riveting at 58. @ne of the important advantages of.- this type of blade is that a smooth surface is presented to the Wind thus preventin the formation of eddies, thereby enhancing both the reliability and efficiency of the motor.

The rods 14,-instead of being connected to the hub 1 in the manner shown in Figs. 1' and 2, are shown connected to said hub by means :of structure practically identical to that shown in Figs. 4 and 5 except that the nut 17 is provided with a knurled head instead of openings 36. Furthermore the rods I4 are shown connected to the blades, or blade spindles, by means ofthe following structure. i

Each of the rods is threaded at its outer end to enter a nut 60 provided with a reducedshank portion 6 1 adapted to enter -the outer end of a corresponding one of spindles 11, 12. Each nut 60 and'end of rod Mare provided with openings to receive a through pin 62. In order Ato lock the ends of said rods-14 against rotation, with respectto the spindles-11, 12, lugsY 63 vma be provided on said spindles as shown 'in igs. 8 and 12,

saidlugs being adapted. to enter notches 64 provided in each nut 60. By virtue of the lasty described structure the louter ends of rods 14 will not only be locked against rotation with respect to spindles 11, 12, but large bearing surfaces .are provided to resist thetension due to centrifugal force. in order to reduce the .magnitude of th centrifugal force acting on the blades, I prefer so tov design -the governor weights that the centrifugal force acting on the latter, 'in the direction along spindles 11 and 12 will oppose fthat acting on said blades. Thus, referring to Figs. 8, 9 and 11, it will be seen thatthe center of gravity of each ofl weights 21', 23 lies,'on the side of shaft 5,

opposite the blade to which the particular Weight is attached. .The operation of the .form of invention illustrated in Figs. 7 to 12is substantially the same as that of the form shown 'in Figs. 1 to 3 and needs no further description. lit

should be noted that in both forms (see Figs.

3 and 9) the centers of gravity of the Welghts lie, normally, close`to the plane including the axis of shaft 5 and parallel to spindles 11, 12. An important advantage flows from. this arrangement, for when the speed of the motor changes, the distance between the centers of gravity and plane above mentioned changes rapidly. The governo!` is accordingly quickly responsive so that a practically uniform speed will be maintained at the predetermined value. i

In accordance with the provisions of the 'patent statutes, have herein described the principle-of operation of my invention, tof

gether with the apparatus, which I now conf sider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention-can be carriedl out by other means. Also, While it is vdesigned to use the various features and elements in the combmatlon and relatlons described,

some of these maybe altered and others omitted, and some of the features of each modification may be embodied inthe others, without interfering with the more general results outlined, and the invention extends to suchuse. 4 Having described my invention, what l laim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1s:- f 1. A fluid current motor comprising a hub, a plurality of blades mounted thereon for revolution about the axis` of said hub and A silient rods or wires, each of said rods eing connected at one'end toa point on one of said blades near the outer end thereof and connected at theotherend to said hub.

plurality of resilient members one for.

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3. A Huid current motor comprising a hub, l

a. pluralityof blades rotatably mounted thereon and. means for preventing outward radial movement of-`said blades comprising a plurality of tension rods or wires each xedly connected at one end to a corresponding one of said blades and 'xe'dly connected at the opposite end'to said hub.

4. A. Huid current motor comprising a hub' fmember, a` blade rotatably secured to, one

side of the hub, and a combined'torsion and tension wire secured at one point to a.

.point on the blade adjacent the tip thereof and at another point to said member.

5. A fluid current motor comprising a hub a plurality of blades. rotatably mounted thereon and `connected for equal and opposite rotation, speed responsive means connected to at least one of said blades and a torsion rod or wire connected to one of said blades and to said hub.

6. Av fluid current motor comp-rising a hub, a blade rotatably mounted on said hub, a weighted arm for rotating said blade in response to centrifugal force and a torsion rod secured at one end to said blade and at the other end to said hub.

7. A fluid current motor comprising a' hub, a blade rotatably mounted on said hub and a rod connecting said blade and hub forl preventing outward radial movement of said blade, said rod being non-rotatably secured to said blade and hub.

8. A fluid current motor comprising a hub, a plurality of blades rotatably mounted on said hub about-axesat an angle to the axis of rotation of said hub, a plurality of weighted arms secured one to each blade and means normally but yieldingly holding said arms in a position in which the distance between the centers of gravity of said arms is less than the distance between the pivotal points of said arms.

9. A fluid current motor comprising a hub,

' a plurality of bladesrotatably supported on said hub and extending in opposite directions' at-an angle to the axis of said hub, a plurality of arms one secured to each blade and extending at an angle to the axis of Vrotation of the latter, a plurality of weights secured. one to each arm and means causing said weights normally to engage.

10. A fluid current Ymotor comprising a hub, a hollow spindle rotatably carried by said hub, a blade secured to said spindle and a torsion wire in said spindle and secured at one end to the'latter and at the and means comprising a torsion wire connected to said blade and hub for opposing v such rotation.

13. A duid current motor comprising .a hub, a blade mounted on said hub -tor rotation with respect thereto, speed responsive neonati means for causing rotation of said blade, and means comprising a torsion rod connect ed to said blade and hub for opposing such rotation one of the connections of said rod being adjustable.

14e. A fluid current motor comprising a hub member, a blade means v:for mounting said blade on said hub for rotation with respect thereto, and a tension wire extending between and secured to the hub and a point adjacent the tip of said blade.

l5. A Huid current motor comprising. a hub member, a hollow rib projecting therefrom, a blade secured to said rib, and a tension wire anchored to saidhub and to the outer extremity of said rib adjacent its two ends.

16. A fluid current `motor comprising a hub member, a blade secured to one side of the hub, and a tension wire secured adj acent one end to a point on the bladeand near its other end on said member on the side opposite said blade.

17. A fluid current motor comprising a hub member, a blade rotatably secured to one side of the hub, and a 'combined torsion vand tension wire 'secured adjacent one end to a point on the blade and near its other end on said member to the side opposite said blade. v Y

18.- A Huid current motor comprising a hub, a blade rotatably mounted thereon, means connected to said blade and responsive to centrifugal force for rotating said blade, and means connected to said blade for both opposing such rotation and supporting the blade against centrifugal forces on the same.

19. A Huid current motor or propeller comprising a hub portion mounted for rotation about an axis, a plurality of blades journaled in said hub for revolution therewith and rotation about their axes within the hub and a wire or rod extending along the back of said blade, and anchored at one end to the hub and at the vother end to the blade.

20. A -iuid current motor comprising a hub member, a blade rotatably secured to one side of the hub, and a combined torsion and tension wire secured adjacent one end to a point on the blade and near its other end vto said member.

2l. A iuid current motor comprising a hub member,-a pairof blades rotatably secured to said'hub, a centrifugally operated arm secured to each blade for turning .the same oppositely," gearing connecting said blades for equal and opposite turning, and a combined torsion and tension wire secured near one end to a point on the blade and near its other end to said hub member.

ln testimony whereof'l have axed my signature.

HERMAN d. SCHARNAGEL.

noJ 

